Gaze patterns from experienced pilots provide insights into the training requirements of both novices and experts. Findings suggest that the increase of workload has an increased influence on pilots depending on the flight phase. The manipulation of workload and individual experience influences the performance and the gaze pattern at the same time. For defined flight phases, the dynamic time warping method was applied to evaluate the performance for selected criteria, and eye-tracking methodology was utilized to analyze the gaze-pattern development. An experiment with 28 participants (including 11 certified pilots) was conducted in a Boeing 737 simulator.
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A key element in the analysis of manual flight operations is the development over time in relation to performance and visual perception. Even with increased automation in the cockpit, the manual control operations are essential for every pilot as a last resort in the event of automation failure. A basic skill for every pilot is manual control operations, which is a closed-loop control process with several cross-coupled variables. Before becoming a pilot, he/she has to acquire a broad set of skills by training to pass all the necessary qualification and licensing standards. The secure and safe operation of air traffic is highly dependent on the individual performances of the pilots. This work focuses on the analysis of pilots’ performance during manual flight operations in different stages of training and their influence on gaze strategy. describe how self-determination theory can help researchers and practitioners to shape the future of work to ensure that it meets the psychological needs of workers. Technology is changing the nature of work by enabling new forms of automation and communication. An understanding of how future work is likely to influence the satisfaction of the psychological needs of workers and how future work can be designed to satisfy such needs is of the utmost importance to worker performance and well-being. We then describe three cases where technology is affecting work design and examine how this might influence needs satisfaction and motivation: remote work, virtual teamwork and algorithmic management. We also discuss how technology transforms the design of work and its impact on worker motivation. We consider how the experiences of job candidates are influenced by the new technologies used to assess and select them, and how self-determination theory can help to improve candidate attitudes and performance during selection assessments. In this Review, we summarize what self-determination theory has brought to the domain of work and how it is helping researchers and practitioners to shape the future of work. As technological innovations change the nature of work, self-determination theory can provide insight into how the resulting uncertainty and interdependence might influence worker motivation, performance and well-being.
Self-determination theory has shaped our understanding of what optimizes worker motivation by providing insights into how work context influences basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness.
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